Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Enviormental modern issue in Astrulia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Enviormental modern issue in Astrulia - Essay Example In January, states that were affected include Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Victoria. In February between 8th and 11th 2014, South Australia and Victoria State were under the siege of fire. Most of the Australian bushfires occur following lightning strikes that ignite fire, electricity, spot fires, and hot dry northerly winds, which is a risk factor for increased bushfires. The risk factor is that Australia is an arid continent and has been experiencing fires for millions of years (Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, 2010). In Victoria, Metropolitan Fire Brigade, Department of Environmental and Primary Industries and Country Fire Authority are involved in fighting bushfires.Non-governmental organization such as St John Ambulance Australia provides first aid and other services such as transport of victims to the hospital and trauma Centre’s (Conn, 2009). Owing to the nature of bushfires, there is no one responsible or at fault for the bushfired in Australi, unless where smokers cause bushfires whn they live a butning cigar. The above examples were caused by natural disasters thereby making no one at fault in the Austalian bushfires. In Australia, the long and short term economic consequences of bushfires have been loss of property and life. Billions of dollars are spent annually in trying to prevent and prepare for these disasters. The continent encounters much expenditure on disaster preparation. After a disaster, the economy is negatively affected due to the following reasons: disruption of business activities, loss of power supply to companies, and loss of water supply and communication breakdown. Secondary economic impacts that may result are loss of insurance and premiums, loss of confidence by the investors, and increase in costs due to the provision of welfare and medical
Sunday, October 27, 2019
Deborah Tannen Text Analysis
Deborah Tannen Text Analysis Rationale This task links to part two language and mass communication and the topic of stereotypes. It explores how media shapes gender stereotypes. The nature of the task is an online opinion article from the feminist blog Jezebel. The author criticises linguistic professor Deborah Tannens books, stating that the media creates situations of miscommunication between men and women which are vaguely based on reality. Thus, the task critically investigates the handling of gender stereotypes in a range of media; both Tannens scholarly works and the online article. The text type was chosen as online media fosters a critical discussion of gender stereotypes through the ability to comment. The task contains comments that feature contrasting tones and syntax, highlighting the controversial nature of gender stereotypes. The task was inspired by Megan Carpentlers Jezebel article On George Tiller And The Profound Power of Language, mirrored in formal qualities and the title. The target audience of Jezebel is young and likeminded feminists due to it being an online publication, demonstrated through the use of popular culture allusions, such as Sex and the City. The task features Jezebels typical conversational and ironic tone which allows the reader to feel a personal connection with the author, achieved through the use of contractions and rhetorical questions, and exemplified in hyperbolic phrases such as women use hidden directives; or, I mean, I guess they could, maybe. The voice of the task shifts to persuasive in the last paragraphs of the article, as the author argues that the media causes gender stereotypes. This argumentative tone is achieved through logos and hypophora, such as What came first, the language or the patriarchy? after which the author reiterates their opinion in stating the patriarchy came first. Thus, the aim of the task is to persuade the reader of the authors opinion. 300 words. Works Cited Carpentler, Megan. On George Tiller And The Profound Power of Language. Jezebel. Jezebel, 6 Jan. 2009. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. . Works Cited: Images Used Fundraising Ideas for Social Justice | MobileCause. MobileCause. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. . Studio Portrait of Young Woman. Getty Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. . On Deborah Tannen and the Profound Power of Language Jane Carter7/03/16 Women: what do they want? Thats a question thats plagued not only hundreds of clueless husbands and boyfriends on Valentines Day, anniversaries, or other celebrations. Yet, why is that all men seem to be so clueless when it comes to understanding half of the earths population? Let psychologist, linguist, and Georgetown professor Deborah Tannen enlighten you: its all in your words. The writer of bestsellers with catchy, fun titles such as You Just Dont Understand: Women and Men in Conversation and Thats Not what I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships both works read across the country in the eighties and nineties by millions of frustrated middle-aged mothers- has long stated that women and men are two tribes headed for war. Men and women will never be able to understand each other, and its all because of our language and conversational style, says Tannen. Men see language as a way of asserting dominance, Tannen writes, whereas women simply see it as a way of confirming ideas: never creating their own, obviously. Women are only capable of merely asserting the thoughts of others. Women see language as a means of empathy and providing emotional support, whereas strong, independent men only ever use their language to solve real problems. Men are only concerned with facts; we all know women are far too emotional to deal with hard-core knowledge. How could we, anyhow, when all we ever do is use our language to communicate our feelings or converse with others about their own feelings? It is also a well-known fact that men use imperatives, Tannen says, whereas women use hidden directives; or, I mean, I guess they could, maybe. But, what does this mean? Does gender inequality stem from grammar and syntax? Can we emotional women, with our hidden directives, blame ourselves and our language for the patriarchy? Tannen might be shouting Yes! Look at the transcripts! I have evidence!, and she might very well be true. Gender differences do affect language, though what came first, the language or the patriarchy? Let us first deconstruct gender: it is merely a construct. We live in a world where we colour-code our children in desperation to keep the gender binary system going, and we divide everything according to gender: cats are feminine, dogs are masculine, toy cars are for boys, and dolls are for girls. The division carries on into stereotypes: women are social, men are commanding, girls are emotional, boys are rational. From Sex and the City to What Women Want, these stereotypes are reflected in the media and broadcasted left, right, and centre. Men and women are shown to be polar opposites, completely unable to understand each other, and its all because of their language. Middle-aged women speak like prepubescent teenage girls, using words such as sort of or the ever-present filler like: minor interjections that show women are active listeners, says Tannen, and caring, domestic, beings. Men- if they talk to each other at all- are commanding and avoid confronting their feelings because they are, after all, far too driven by problem-solving and real problems, not their miniscule emotions. The amount of times I have seen or heard married couples bicker and argue on televised sitcoms is ridiculous, and its the same pattern every time: men dont understand what women are saying, and women cant seem to comprehend what men mean. Be it for comedic purpose or otherwise, these stereotypes and seemingly innate differences in language, or conversational styles as Tannen puts it, were drilled inside of all of our heads from a very young age, and the effect is momentous. The classic example is the exchange of Whats wrong? Nothing. Picture the scene: a married couple utters those phrases. Who asks the question, and who answers it? I can guarantee you three things. Firstly, you pictured a man and woman. Secondly, you imagined the woman answering. Thirdly, she probably didnt have a very nice tone of voice. Am I a magician, really good at guessing, or is there more to the issue than it seems? The phrase nothing haunts millions of married men, as those two words are built to never truly mean nothing because, as Tannen has showed us, womens speech is loaded with complex meaning, ready to be enciphered by mens rational brains, yet it seems men are never quite able to do so, perhaps because nothing simply means nothing; nothing more and nothing less, despite the media often portraying quite the opposite. The media creates these situations of miscommunication between men and women. Although vaguely based on reality, one can hardly argue that they accurately depict this wonderfully complex world we live in. Generalisation is a dangerous thing, and yet, Tannen devises equally generalised assumptions and psychological theories to explain this division of language broadcasted in the media and transferred to real life. To answer the previous question I asked, the patriarchy came first, and Tannens work did nothing but compose a deeper division between men and women that the media was already keen on creating. We arent two tribes heading for war. Men arent from Mars, and women arent from Venus. Perhaps someone should explain to Mrs. Tannen that there are extra-terrestrial forms of life. We all are, in fact, from planet Earth; our lovely home with its wonderful entrenched sexism. Comments Marline | 7.03.2016 Tannens work did nothing but compose a deeper division between men and women. What?! Im pretty sure Tannen isnt some weirdo on Reddit Tannen isnt a man-hater, and she isnt some woman-hater either, shes just a psychologist!!! Disappointing article, youve totally over-analysed her lol JSev | 7.03.2016 i take AP Psych and her work is SO sexist!! try READING it its horrible lmao Jessica L. | 8.03.2016 agree with you!!! wish we didnt use psychology as evidence for sexism. makes me sad to think people believe her media brainwashed usà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..
Friday, October 25, 2019
Home Improvement Essay -- essays research papers
TOWNHOME RENOVATION PROJECT Objective In order to enhance and increase the value of my home, renovating and upgrading my town home will increase its value once and if I decide to sell, and provide me with a comfortable place to call home. This statement of work is a narrative description of the work required for upgrading my town home. The selection criterion was based on quality of work, reliability, rapport, and on-time performance. My objective is to keep the cost within my budget to one that I will be comfortable with. Based on research and cost estimates, I will benefit from the company’s work. The customer, Home Depot, and installers must agree on the following: Understand tasks assigned to her/him and commit to realistic specifications and deadlines. The installers must show up on time and be prepared for work STATEMENT OF WORK SCOPE OF WORK The sub-tasked departments of this project are Home Depot’s carpet installers and kitchen cabinet installers. The Home Depot will provide the following specifications to the customer: 1.1     Specifications 1.1.1.     In-home inspections, measurement and pre-construction conference 1.1.2.     Site visit by installer to review project with customer 1.1.3.     Removal of cabinets, laminate countertops and sink 1.1.4.     Install new cabinets, laminate countertops, scribe and corner moldings filler strips, toe kicks, and cabinet hardware 1.1.5.     Disconnect and reconnect plumbing and venting to existing service in same location 1.1.6.     Replacement of plumbing (trap, shut-off valves and supply tubes within 3†of existing plumbing) 1.1.7.     Daily clean-up of job site, bagging debris to curbside 1.1.8.     Final inspection with customer 1.1.9.     Lifetime warranty on labor 2.1.     Rip-up existing carpet & cushion & haul away 2.1.1.     Delivery of merchandise 2.1.2.     Tack and cushion or glue down carpet 2.1.3.     Flat and tap down metal transition 2.1.4.     Clean-up of job site and bagging to curbside 2.1.5.  ... ...ate from any specification or term of the Specifications, the Supplier shall deliver to the customer an Engineering Change Request (ECR) setting forth:  ·Ã‚     Identification of Statement of Work  ·Ã‚     The description and justification of the change requested  ·Ã‚     An assessment of the impact of the change on the programmatic, costs, functional and performance requirements of the (Work) at any level BUDGET Estimated total cost of work to include merchandise and labor = $6881.87. POINT OF DELIVERY All documents and material shipped as a result of this Statement of Work shall be sent to the Project Office: URLINE M. RICHARDSON      4606 Colonel Fenwick Place Upper Marlboro, MD 20772      CONCLUSION: This project will be flexible to allow tradeoffs for cost, time, and quality. Upfront coordination and planning will alleviate any tradeoffs but we must always be open to conflicts. Address the work that is required, timeframe needed, and make certain the work that is accomplished is agreeable by all to ensure proper requirements and deadlines will be met.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Who Won the Social War (Ancient Rome)
Who won the Social War? The allies war with the Romans involved hundreds of thousands of men and lasted for three years, this war was a turning point for Rome's political relations with its allies and was significant in the fact that Rome had to readjust politically. When looking at the Social War many confine the meaning of victory in terms of the battlefield, missing out on a vital aspect of war, the terms of peace and the political outcome.It cannot be determined, whether an army, even if victorious in individual battles, decisively won the war, or whether their success on the battlefields' was believed to be temporal and not immune to change. This essay will attempt to investigate the question, backed up by literary evidence from the likes of Appian, Livy and Polybus. It would be logical to first assess what the aims of the Italian allies were in making war on Rome, then to determine whether their objectives were met and on what terms.The causes of the Social War are commonly see n as Rome's refusal to grant Roman citizenship for the Italian allies. The allies in central and southern Italy had fought alongside Rome in several wars, overtime they began to chaff under Rome's autocratic hand, desiring the privileges and better equality the citizenship would bring them. Events came to a head in 91 BC following the assassination of the Roman tribune Marcus Livius Drusus, who attempted to pass a legislation that would have given citizenship to all Italians and settled a number of disputes.They saw the citizenship as vital to their business' abroad and saw an opportunity for fairer treatment by the Roman senate, ‘Their desire to become Romans reflects the success of Rome in unifying them in sentiment and was stimulated by the Cimbric war and by the career of Marius', indeed many saw the citizenship as their due for the sacrifices on their behalf for the expansion of Rome, †At the same time†¦ the consuls send their orders to the allied cities in It aly which they wish to contribute troops, stating the numbers required†.Furthermore, the Italians ‘preferred Roman citizenship to possession of the fields', Rome's policy of land distribution had led to great inequality of land ownership and wealth and led to the â€Å"Italian race†¦ declining little by little into pauperism and paucity of numbers without any hope of remedy†. After the murder of Drusus, one of the last pro-Italians, the Italians began preparing for war: â€Å"The first act of war was by Picentes, who killed proconsul Quintus Servilius in the town Asculum, with all Roman citizens who were in this town. The people put on the war dress†.Dispute arises over the exact aim of the Italians in the Social War, what is important to note however, is the fact the Italians were not impatient and undiplomatic; their revolt was their final resort. ‘Even at the very last, when they had already taken up arms, the insurgents were to make one more appeal to the senate to concede the franchise', this is backed up by Appian â€Å"The Italians in despair of any other remedy, went on with their mobilization†. A commonly accepted view is that the rebels were fighting in order to share in the Roman citizenship, Empire and power, going further than local autonomy.Indeed, there were many close ties between Italian and Roman aristocrats, running deeper than just trade and business ties. Another view is that the Italians wanted a complete autonomous state as shown by the creation of an independent capital and coinage, and the risk on their part of inciting a war on such a large scale, â€Å"they had forces in common amounting to about 100,000 foot and horse. The Romans sent an equal force against them, made up if their own citizens and of the Italian peoples who were still in alliance with them†.Many see the allies choice of creating their own coinage as a potent one, the choice of their designs can be interpreted as thei r solidarity with one another and their hostility towards the Romans, as shown by the depiction of eight men holding swords towards a pig- a way of making a sworn oath in ancient Italy. However, this can be open to interpretation, the creation of a new coinage would have most likely been necessary for purchasing supplies and paying and feeding troops. The images on the coins can be viewed as effective propaganda, aiming to remind the soldiers the justice of their cause.It can also be argued that a new capital (Italia) was not in fact a desire of the allies to break from Rome when looking at the military nature of the creation of Corfinium. Corfinium was an important base of operations, that offered space to hold and distribute supplies, a large source of food and water . Strategically Italica was necessary to the Italian war effort, the allies needed bases like Corfinium when fighting Rome, whose endless resources were an invaluable asset to their military progress.The new allied go vernment, was modelled closely on the Roman government, this indicates the high respect the Italians held for the Roman constitution and the doubt cast on the claims that the allies wanted the destruction of Roman rule or a complete separation from it, in addition, a strong argument can be established in relation to the Italians having a vested interest in the continuation of the Roman Empire, Italian businesses benefited from trade and land investments.The most significant indication that the allies were fighting for Roman citizenship rather than autonomy, is evidential in the depth of Roman power and the likelihood that Rome would be more successful in battle â€Å"Quintus Caepio†¦ was besieged and successfully repelled his enemies†¦ Consul Lucius Julius Ceaser fought successfully against the Samnites†. Rome had larger military supplies and a larger force than the allies, as shown by the fact that they were able to reinforce their armies with considerable speed.Mo st importantly however, Rome had a huge treasury helped by the spoils of so many wars, which dwarfed anything that the allies could attempt to bring together. This, including the fact that the network of roads across Italy were all centred around Rome, did not give the allies firm belief that they could eventually defeat Rome, or permanently separate themselves. The benefits the Italian allies enjoyed from Rome's empire made it unlikely that they would want to destroy an empire in which they themselves had so much at stake, and to which they contributed a considerable amount to its formation.Rome's predominant influence was extremely well established and its continuity was favourable to Italian interests. Therefore, the rebellion of the allies should not be viewed as an attempt to end Rome, or divorce from it, as shown by the death or exile of the majority of pro-Italian politicians in Rome, the allies had no other alternative to assert their political interests in Rome than war. Th e outcome of the Social War was for the Italians to gain Roman citizenship, if one can accept that citizenship was the intended aim rather than separation.The Italian vote was to begin with, less than the proportion of their population, the allies were all grouped into separate tribes and assigned less voted than the 35 Roman tribes. But, the Italians were eventually joined into the Roman tribes and Italy unified. It is not likely that the allies were rooting for total victory in the Social War in order to achieve their aims, for they did not underestimate the power of Rome. Their previous loyalty had undoubtedly helped Rome win the Second Punic War, the Romans were able to recover losses and rebuild its forces hrough the sources of arms, manpower and money, a lot of which came from its allies. However, the Social War challenged the stability Rome felt in its allies, what is important is the fact that although Rome ‘won' military speaking, but the allies were victorious in ter ms of diplomacy and social standing. The fact that the allies never strayed from their goal and eventually achieved it is extremely courageous and admirable. Bibliography Brunt, P. A. Italian Aims at the Time of the Social War', in Fall of the Roman Republic (Oxford, 1988), pp. 90-109. Brunt, P. A. ‘The army and the land in the Roman revolution' revised in Fall of the Roman Republic (Oxford, 1988), pp. 240-80. Brunt, P. Social Conflicts in the Roman Republic (Oxford, 1971). Bagnall, N. The Punic Wars (London, 1990). Gabba, E. Republican Rome, the Army and the Allies (Oxford, 1976). Goldsworthy, A. The Army at War, 100 BCAD 200 (Oxford, 1996). Frier, B. W.Roman coinage and army pay: techniques for evaluating statistics (1981), pp. 285-295. The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. IX (2nd ed. ) p188. Scullard, H. H. From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome from 133 BC to AD 68 (London, 1982). Salmon, E. T. ‘Notes on the Social War', in Transactions and Proceedings of the Ame rican Philological Association (Michigan, 1958), pp. 159-184. â€â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. See Brunt. ‘Italian aims at the time of the Social War' p. 90. [ 2 ].See Polybus, 6. 21, 4-5. [ 3 ]. See Appian The Civil Wars 3. 21 p. 42 [ 4 ]. See Appian The Civil Wars 1. 9 p. 19 [ 5 ]. See Livy Periochae Book 72 [ 6 ]. See Brunt, ‘Italian aims at the time of the Social War' p. 93 [ 7 ]. See Appian The Civil Wars 5. 39 p. 76 [ 8 ]. See Appian The Civil Wars 5. 39 p. 76. [ 9 ]. See Livy Periochae Book 37, chapter 2 . [ 10 ]. See Livy Periochae Book 73 1-7 [ 11 ]. See Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 9. 2nd Ed. p. 188 [ 12 ]. See Appian The Civil Wars 14. 116 p. 225
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Feasibility of putting up vegan restaurant Essay
INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the business profile and general description of vegan restaurants, which fall under the consumer foodservice industry. This chapter includes the background of the study, rationale of the study, objective of the study, scope and limitation, significance of the study, research methodology, research design, and locale of the study, data gathering tool, data gathering procedure and the definition of terms. 1.1 Background of the study Vegan was termed in England in 1944 by Donald Watson which means â€Å"non-dairy Vegetarian†. It opposed the use of eggs as a food. Later, the definition of vegan was extended and it means that â€Å"man should live without exploiting animals†. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism.) Cafà © is an establishment that focuses on serving coffee. It may refer to an informal restaurant, offering a range of hot meals and made-to-order sandwiches. â€Å"Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬ is a French word which means coffee. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9.) People give extra importance when it comes to health. One of its reasons is the sudden existence of many diseases that threatens the lives of the people. Obviously, when we talk about health, it always entails a healthy diet. Eating Vegetables and fruits is the best thing we know how to prevent such life ominous diseases because of its vitamins and mineral content with the absence of bad cholesterol. According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a report issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, a vegetarian diet is associated with lower levels of obesity and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. There are varieties of restaurants registered here in General Santos City and most of the foods offered in these restaurants are meat and animal products. To make a variation and since there is a rapid growth of health and beauty conscious people, the researchers aim to provide an exceptional and accommodative vegan restaurant with cafà © for the people who need a place for chatting, to make transactions and other personal activities. With its extraordinary structure and location, food lovers especially vegetarians might find it a good place to unwind, socialize and experience eating in a vegan way with a Pinoy touch. This proposed vegan restaurant will be the first vegetarian restaurant in General Santos City. Since it is vegan, it serves vegetable cuisine and plant products like beverages from fruit extracts and pasta with the recipe culture of Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Italian that serves as the asset from the competitors. It also has a cafà © that could make an edge among other restaurant. The place is a Wi-Fi hot spot and a Zen style ambiance which makes customers feel relaxed while eating or staying inside. Special room for conference meetings and other events is also offered. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The researchers will aim to determine the feasibility of putting up a vegan restaurant in San Miguel Street, General Santos City. Specifically, this study has the following objectives: a) To present the business descriptions of the existing restaurants in terms of their: a.1) products and services a.2) major players in the industry a.3) capacity of the industry a.4) key success factors a.5) the market a.6) the government role b) To conduct a structural analysis of Vegan Restaurant with cafà © in General Santos City b.1) Threats of Potential Entrants b.2) Threats of Substitutes b.3) Bargaining power of the suppliers b.4) Bargaining power of the customers b.5) Competition in the Industry c) To determine the feasibility of putting up a vegan restaurant with cafà © in General Santos City considering the following aspect: c.1) Management and organizational; c.2) Marketing c.3) Technical c.4) Financial 1.3 Specific Objectives This refers to the specific objectives of this study which will comprise of the management organization, the technical production, the marketing aspect, the financial study, and the social significance. 1.3.1 Management and Organization This aspect includes the form of business organization, organizational structure, personal qualifications, duties, and responsibilities and personnel salary structure. 1.3.2 Technical and Production It deals with the equipment and facilities needed in the vegan restaurant and its operation. It also deals with the architectural design of the restaurant. 1.3.3 Marketing Aspect It focuses on the trends, the competition, target market and the size of the market. Also it presents the design and implementation of the marketing activities of the vegan restaurant. 1.3.4 Financial Study It determines the operating cash requirements, cash flow, the financial statements and the financial analysis; and also, it provides the viability of the project. 1.3.5 Social Significance It focuses on the impact of the society and the economy. 1.4 Significance of the Study The business â€Å"Greens N’ Coffee†vegan restaurant is socially significant since it would create income, development, additional leisure, and improvement and therefore, progress. Basically, vegan restaurant is an income generating activity, for the exchange of output of money, since any businesses’ concern is profitability. The following beneficiaries of the study were identified by the researchers: To the public, that they may appreciate the health benefits that will be offered by the vegan restaurant. To the Generals who are seeking for employment, they may be able to find jobs in which they can generate income to support them in their daily lives. To the future restaurant owners who are planning to put up a vegan restaurant, that they may be able to have a new perspective on the design and strategies essential to the effectiveness, stability and productivity of the business. To the local Government of General Santos City, for they can obtain taxes and other income from this business that they can use once the study is proven feasible To the future researchers, they may be able to use this as their reference for future studies regarding on vegan restaurants. 1.5 Scope and Limitation This study aims to determine the feasibility of putting up a vegan restaurant with cafà © in San Miguel Street, General Santos City. The respondents of this study will only be limited to the restaurants in General Santos City. This study discusses the management and organization aspects, technical and production aspects, marketing aspects, financial study aspects and social significance aspects of the industry. This research study will be conducted in the months of July to September 2011 within the locality of General Santos City. The researchers will choose 4 players of the restaurant industry registered at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) of the city. The researchers will be interviewing 4 managers or supervisors from the said members of the restaurant industry. 1.5 Research Design and Methodology This refers to the research method, the respondents of the study, the locale of the study, the research instrument that will be used for this study, and the data gathering procedure. 1.6.1 Research Method In this study, a descriptive method of research will be used which will deal with information that can be easily understood, while the process of this goes beyond mere gathering and tabulation of data. It involves the elements of interpretation of the meaning or significance of what is described. See figure 1 for the research flow. 1.6.2 Respondents The respondents of this study are the managers, and assistant managers of the Grab A Crab Restaurant, Ranchero Restaurant, Taps N’ Mix, and Dimsum Diner in General Santos City. 1.6.3 Locale of the Study This business will be located at San Miguel Street, Lagao, General Santos City. The city is the southernmost port city of the Republic of the Philippines. It is one of the most populous urban centres in the country with a population of 530,129 as per data of 2007 census (http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html). GenSan is bounded by municipalities of Sarangani Province namely Alabel in the East of the city, and Maasim in the South. General Santos City is a component of province South Cotabato. 1.6.4 Research Instrument The researchers will be using a primary and a secondary instrument as a research tool in order to acquire information from the respondents. An interview guide will be used as the primary instrument. The sources of the primary data are the managers, supervisors or representatives of the restaurant in General Santos City. The interview guide which will be used to gather data from the members of the industry consists of questions regarding the management and organizational, technical, marketing and financial aspects of the restaurant industry. This type of gathering tool will most probably benefit this study. Along with this, observation will also be used to collect further information which will be helpful in conducting the study. The secondary tools that the researchers will apply are the library resources, internet data, periodicals, published and unpublished materials. 1.6.5 Data Gathering Procedure The researchers will make preliminary visitations to the location of the four (4) major players of the restaurant industry. Letters of permission will be sent to the respondents and eventually approvals are expected as a response. After a positive response, there will be a planned interview with the managers, supervisors, or representatives from the respondents. Afterwards, data will be gathered, classified and interpreted with respect to the objectives of this study.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Reflection Article Example
Reflection Article Example Reflection Article – Article Example Statistics The great English statistician and economist defined statistics as â€Å"science of counting Statistics play an important role in our day routine life. Statistics are greatly applicable to the politics and the elections, statistics helps in almost all the disciplines of politics. funds distribution amongst constituencies, elections outcomes both the local,and nationwide, politicians performance and achievements in a particular span of time , this is judged through their achievements that can be summarized by the facts and figures collected through statistical studies. Popularity curves are the most important gift of statistics and that helps in a massive amount judging their own performance. This is obtained through conducting opinion polls. Based on the curves and quarterly reports in time changes and measures can be taken, Since large amount of funds are associated with the political processes and the campaigning and party maintenance , the funds so distributed can be d one through statistical facts and figures, finally analysis of quantitative data, Different policies are made based on statistics. In short statistics play the role of a backbone in politics and all decisions, administrative, and functional can be taken in right scope with help of statistics.The nonprofit organizations require statistics in every step of their routine activities. In broader perceptive statistics help determining the total expenses incurred which includes the monthly and annual payments, wages to the employees, statistics help determining the areas to invest in by calculating the feasibility of any endeavor, On Administrative front statistics play a pivotal role in nonprofit organizations, since any organization needs an infrastructure to operate, users performance can be gauged through statistical measures. Annual reports and data in terms of the progress made in a certain period of time, it helps estimating and analyzing the contribution of donors in particular are a of interest. An important contribution of statistics is the identification of sectors that can pay dividends in terms of the company growth, the public welfare and overall successful operations. Fund-raising is important phenomena in context of nonprofit organizations, through statistics the areas can be identified that are fruitful for the cause; Balance in payment distribution is possible through statistics.Salient gifts of Statistics in both the fieldsAccountability Participation Coherence Sensitivity to Equity and Environment Effective Policy Making TimelinessTransparency Adequacy Bibliography :1- Blastland, M., & Dilnot, A. W. (2009). The numbers game: The commonsense guide to understanding numbers in the news, in politics, and in life. New York, N.Y: Gotham Books.Rice, S. A. (1928). Quantitative methods in politics. New York: A.A. Knopf. Bulmer, M. G. (1967). Principles of statistics. Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T. Press.Delli Carpini, M.X. and S. Keeter (1996), What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters, Yale University Press.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Free Essays on African Americans And Nursing
As a child, one may recall an adult asking them the famous question, â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?†Even today, children continue to respond with traditional professions such as a police officer, doctor, firefighter, teacher and so on. A similarity between these occupations is that they all provide some type of service. Our society greatly depends on the service of these individuals and would be in a deal of trouble if there ever became a shortage in these fields. Another occupational field that provides service to our society is nursing. Although it is doctors who receive the majority of credit when it comes to the medical field; nurses play a vital role in the medical field as well. Registered nurses have a great deal of responsibility because they have to ensure that the doctors’ orders are carried out, which promotes recovery and prevents patients from getting ill. Nursing is one of the few fields that have no limitations to minority acceptance. Af rican American nurses have been around since the 1800s. This can be credited to a woman by the name of Mary Eliza Mahoney. A lot of people don’t realize that registered nurses carry on a lot of tasks and responsibilities. Although most nurses fulfill the same graduation requirements, the type of work setting determines the nature and amount of work that is completed. Nurses that work in hospitals are usually assigned to a certain department. These departments consist of pediatrics, maternity, ICU, emergency room, and surgery just to name a few. The department of Labor reveals that, â€Å"when providing direct patient care, they observe, assess, and record symptoms, reactions, and progress in patients; assist physicians during surgeries, treatments, and examinations; administer medications; and assist in convalescence and rehabilitation†(par. 1). Nurses that work in an office environment have quite different duties. Their workload consists of assisting with examinatio... Free Essays on African Americans And Nursing Free Essays on African Americans And Nursing As a child, one may recall an adult asking them the famous question, â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?†Even today, children continue to respond with traditional professions such as a police officer, doctor, firefighter, teacher and so on. A similarity between these occupations is that they all provide some type of service. Our society greatly depends on the service of these individuals and would be in a deal of trouble if there ever became a shortage in these fields. Another occupational field that provides service to our society is nursing. Although it is doctors who receive the majority of credit when it comes to the medical field; nurses play a vital role in the medical field as well. Registered nurses have a great deal of responsibility because they have to ensure that the doctors’ orders are carried out, which promotes recovery and prevents patients from getting ill. Nursing is one of the few fields that have no limitations to minority acceptance. Af rican American nurses have been around since the 1800s. This can be credited to a woman by the name of Mary Eliza Mahoney. A lot of people don’t realize that registered nurses carry on a lot of tasks and responsibilities. Although most nurses fulfill the same graduation requirements, the type of work setting determines the nature and amount of work that is completed. Nurses that work in hospitals are usually assigned to a certain department. These departments consist of pediatrics, maternity, ICU, emergency room, and surgery just to name a few. The department of Labor reveals that, â€Å"when providing direct patient care, they observe, assess, and record symptoms, reactions, and progress in patients; assist physicians during surgeries, treatments, and examinations; administer medications; and assist in convalescence and rehabilitation†(par. 1). Nurses that work in an office environment have quite different duties. Their workload consists of assisting with examinatio...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
1984 - Summary and Book Report Tips
1984 - Summary and Book Report Tips Writing a Book Report If youre writing a book report on the novel 1984, you will need to include a summary of the story line, as well as all of the following elements, like title, setting, and characters. You must also make sure you include a strong introductory sentence and a good conclusion, as well. Title, Author Publication 1984 is a novel by George Orwell. It was first published in 1949 by Secker and Warburg. Currently it is published by the Penguin Group of New York. Setting 1984 is set in the fictional future state of Oceania. This is one of three totalitarian super states that have come to control the world. In the world of 1984, the government controls every aspect of human existence, especially individual thought. Note: A totalitarian government is one that is strictly governed by a dictator (or strong leader) and expects complete subservience to the state. Characters Winston Smith – the protagonist of the story, Winston works for the Ministry of Truth revising historical events to favor the Party. His dissatisfaction with his life and the love he finds cause him to rebel against the Party. Julia – Winston’s love interest and his fellow rebel. O’Brien – the antagonist of the novel, O’Brien traps and captures Winston and Julia. Big Brother – the leader of the Party, Big Brother is never actually seen, but exists as a symbol of the totalitarian regime. Plot Winston Smith, disillusioned by the oppressive nature of the Party, begins a romance with Julia. Thinking they have found a haven of safety from the prying eyes of the Thought Police, they continue their affair until they are betrayed by O’Brien. Julia and Winston are sent to the Ministry of Love where they are tortured into betraying each other and accepting the truth of the Party indoctrination. Questions to Ponder 1. Consider the use of language. What irony exists in the naming of the Ministries?How does Orwell’s use of language contribute to the idea that language is power?How does Orwell’s use of misnomers contribute to the satire of 1984? 2. Examine theme of the Individual vs. Society What is a dystopian society?What does Orwell seem to be saying about the power of individual action?In what way does 1984 reflect the real political systems of the time, i.e.Communist Soviet Union or Fascist Nazi Germany? 3. What events or people could have influenced Orwell? Although the title is 1984, the book was published in 1949. What events around that time could have influenced Orwell?The Diary of a Young Girl was published in 1947, how could this work have influenced Orwell?1946 saw the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, did Orwell draw anything from this? Possible First Sentences The list of statements below are meant to help you develop a strong introductory paragraph. The statements may also help you construct an effective thesis statement for your paper. Big Brother is watching has become a common term in our modern language, but the phrase has lost some of its potency. George Orwell’s 1984 is a novel of social science fiction.The danger of totalitarianism rests in its power to suppress the individual.The conflict between courage and betrayal is a central one in the novel 1984.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Please give a conclusion of this presentation Essay
Please give a conclusion of this presentation - Essay Example For a good student, after graduation, he or she is married and take time to think about the future life. Get money and save for the sake of the future life and for the coming generation. For students, the major aim is to have focus on the future life. For a good student, he or she is supposed to have a good future by passing very well and avoid debts in order to build wealth by saving from the little earned at work. It is health to save money because of emergency and wealth building. Also one can avoid impulse buying because of the stress one faces and may lead to a syndrome problem. In building the wealth one must create a budget that will govern and direct the investment procedures. Wealth has values like creating security to someone and promotes investment. One should avoid credit cards because they facilitate a lot of spending. It is a challenge for the students to focus on their lives and think about their
Friday, October 18, 2019
Aspectual evaluation of IS in use Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Aspectual evaluation of IS in use - Assignment Example They also catch an idea that may be communicated in uncommon ways in advertisement. Thirdly, created games may be used for pastime and entertainment and further develop animation related to their hobby. Such entertaining scenes can be created and recreated. The social aspect of multimedia system reflects in various ways. First, education develops and improves through the use and of applications, simulations or courseware. People are increasingly resorting to e-learning and quick information searching as the best suited mode of education. Entertainment has immensely been central through multimedia system through use and applications, educational and leisure games, movies and online videos on demand. Home–based activities are promoted such as through use and applications of television, the satellite TV and SMS services including chats, reality TV and voting. It can also be core in public places use and applications of information desk, help and support, security and use of smart cards (Lian, Kanellopoulos & Ruffo 2009). As Rao, Bojkovic & Milovanovic (2008) observes, multimedia system has psychic or sensitive aspect that develops through it. Imagination and the user variously combine various media technologies to organize and develop large number of assets such as scenes, characters, movements and props. The creations derive imaginary thoughts of inexistent worlds, people and ideas. Highly imaginative genre can eventually be developed with the digital age technologies. Most historical work can be adopted to make them more appealing through the efforts of producers interested in imaginations. Since imagination is a rare event in most cases, the multimedia system makes it a possibility. Interacting with such multimedia system increases creativity as remediation brings about criticality. Special features can be developed through sparked imagination. Watching films such as magical contents provides fantastic imaginary creations. People develop capacity to view the world and then act in various perspectives. Magical thinking which depicts supernatural events and alternative world are entertaining. Multimedia system related to the formative aspect through technological determinism. People depend on technology development to shape their interactions in different contexts. Technological designs for current markets changes the way of work, communication and interactions. They will then adopt it as important determinant and for prediction of their lives. Overdependence on multimedia system will allow them to be open and receptive to every new development. Dependency is a core factor that stimulates more developments which anyone can visualize and develop. With the open thinking about the prospect of development any thought human activity immensely relies on the advances of multimedia system (Lian, Kanellopoulos & Ruffo 2009). The use of multimedia system reflects a kinematic aspect. Dynamism is core as it serves diverse purposes and can be cha nged to embody use of different symbols to develop into complete distinct products and experiences. It also has a dialect, where one group may prefer the use of conservative and conventional styles while others may reveal idiosyncratic styles. Remediation has been central and the new media in this novel period take after, adapt and incorporate the previous existing media. The role played by the previous media is transferred and improved with the new ones. Thus those early genres are currently improved to reveal existing theatrical conventions
Protest Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Protest Paper - Essay Example This is a movement that seems to be gaining ground across the states ever since New York passed their city council resolution banning the use of cellphones in cinemas, restaurants, and theatres. Even cities in foreign countries such as London, England have made moves to limit the public use of the mobile phone. I feel that the moves of these cities, which are on opposite ends of the world, to curtail the freedom of expression and right to remain connected with one another should be stopped before it becomes a world wide trend. It is an infringement on our universal human rights and should not be tolerated in any part of the world. There is absolutely no reason to ban the use of cellphones in public places. In fact, doing so will instead create a bigger problem for our society in terms of personal and public safety. It is difficult to walk in the streets these days without seeing a person who isn't on his mobile phone. Be it a friendly chat or something truly important, we have to adm it that there are opportune and inopportune times and places for people to be using their mobile phones. When a person uses his mobile phone during the wrong times, this can cause annoyance, interference, and disruption in the normal function of our society. Those who support the total ban of cellphone use in public places do so because, as everyone tends to notice, people who are talking on their mobile phones while walking or in public places like restaurants and cinemas, tend to do so at the top of their lungs, I am not sure if that is because of a bad signal reception or because they are simply hard of hearing. Whatever the reason, shouting into your cellphone while in a public place is an embarrassing nuisance to those around you. However, if the only reason that cellphone use in public places is being frowned upon is because it poses a discomfort to those who do not happen to be on their mobile phones at the time, perhaps something can be done to lessen the hassle that they pe rceive to be undergoing when placed in the company of people who regularly use their cellphones. In other words, maybe the ban on cellphone use in public can be prevented, for as long as cellphone users learn to exercise good manners and proper etiquette when using the gadget in a public setting. Simple etiquette such as placing the ringer on vibrate rather than letting the phone ring to the latest Lady Gaga pop tune would show that you respect the activity of people who are doing other things, such as eating, reading or writing next to you. Every cellphone is capable of notifying you of your latest text message or phone call without having to throw an impromptu concert in the process. Of course conversations in public cannot be helped. In fact, we all communicate with one another when out in public and we do not seem to have a problem with the mix of words and discussions in public places as a society. Which is why I wonder as to why people protest the use of mobile phones so much. It's still a method of carrying on a conversation, that's all. But, just to show respect for those who do not wish to know what is going in the life of the person using the cellphone, it won't hurt to learn how to modulate your voice in order to keep a semblance of privacy within your conversation. Nobody really needs to know that you forgot to feed the cat
Opposing Totalitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Opposing Totalitarianism - Essay Example It also puts individuality into question, as well as standards and principles of morality and humanity. If a state wishes to regulate public life, then by all means, but a private life is just that: private. Each person is entitled to running and living their lives in the ways that they see fit and should not have to answer to another party in regards to it. Totalitarianism violates a person’s right to live as they want to. If they are under constant surveillance, then they are unable to act in the ways that they feel are appropriate for them. They are punished if they â€Å"misbehave,†or act in any other way than the one set down by the state. They must abide by the rules that are set for everyone; nobody is an exception to what the state decides upon, and there is no point in trying to reason with the state. The methods used to keep the citizens in check are immoral and cruel. Mass media is controlled for the sole purpose of controlling the citizens. It has long since been figured out that people are very influenced by what they see in the media, and the state uses this to their advantage. The state also monitors the media that is made public – certain genres and mediums are unacceptable in some areas, and everyone must abide by those wishes. This violates freedom of expression, as well as freedom of speech. The same applies to the methods of restricting free discussion and criticism. Citizens are being forced to keep quiet about how they feel. The use of terror tactics and mass surveillance takes things too far when it comes to keeping people under control. Attempts are taken to an entirely new level when threats and constant surveillance are sought to tend to citizens. People are frightened into living in ways that the majority of them want nothing to do with. With surveillance as constant as it could be, these people have very little chance of â€Å"acting out.†The most well-known
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Apply legal principles to solving practical problems Essay
Apply legal principles to solving practical problems - Essay Example The Road Vehicle Lighting Regulations (RVLR) of 1989, which were modified subsequently in the year 1994, 1996, 2005, and in the year 2009, require all pedals of bicycles to have two reflectors on each pedal, provided that the bicycle is ridden between sunset and sunrise on a public road. The clipless pedals make it impossible to fit such reflectors, which is why this part of RVLR is not frequently enforced. However, if one rides a bicycle at night and is caught in any accident, any such illegality about the reflectors or lights is termed as contributory negligence. RLVR’s main points are: a pedal cycle must have lights and reflectors when ridden between sunset and sunrise; a cycle does not need lights and reflectors when it is stationary or is being pushed along the side of a road; the lights and reflectors, when required, should be clean as well as work properly; For a bicycle to be driven legally at night, the minimum requirements according to RLVR are the following items (J uden, 2013): Front lamp A bicycle must have one front lamp of white light that is positioned either centrally or offside at a vertical distance of maximum 1500 mm from the ground. The lamp should be visible from the front. If it can emit a steady light, the light must comply with BS6102/3 or an EC standard equivalent to that. If the lamp can only emit a flashing light, the light should be of 4 candela at least. Likewise, there are requirements for rear lights. The UK rules for cyclists oblige them to look all around before turning, manoeuvring, or riding away from the kerb so as to ensure a safe move (Gov.uk, 2013). Julie clearly did not look around before swerving into the path of the car driver. The cyclist must generate a clear signal to make other road users aware of his/her intentions. In case a cyclist cannot use direction indicator signals for any reason, or when he/she feels it compulsory to reinforce the stop lights and the direction indicator signals, the cyclist should ge nerate arm signals for turning left or right or to show that he/she wants to slow down or stop (Gov.uk, n.d.). Julie did not generate any signal either. Although Julie was riding on a country road at night, she might not be required to have two reflectors on each pedal because that condition is for driving on a public road at night, yet she needed to have steady or flashing front and rear lights anyway. By not having those lights on her bicycle, Julie did contributory negligence. â€Å"[I]f a cyclist in dark clothes goes out onto the road at night on a bike without proper lights, it’s not his fault if a driver fails to see him†(Thomas, 2012). Because of contributory negligence, it is very unlikely that Julie can get a satisfactory result if she intends to sue the car driver. Some recent court decisions in cases that were brought against the car drivers by the injured cyclists suggest that the courts are generally stricter toward the cyclists as compared to the pedestr ians in cases where the cyclists have shown contributory negligence (Blondwig, 2012). One such case is Malasi v Attmed, in which a bicycle rider jumped a red light and, without looking, rode across the junction (Blondwig, 2012). A taxi hit the bicycle and seriously injured the rider. Although the taxi driver applied the brakes after seeing the cyclist, the speed of taxi was too high for the collision to be avoided. When the cyclist sued the taxi driver to get compensation from him for the injuries that had been caused,
Power and Humanizing Models of Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Power and Humanizing Models of Culture - Essay Example This can only be done if they look at their cultural memory which Nietzsche continued by explaining that the concept of cultural memory could be defined through a delimitation that distinguishes it from communicative or everyday memory which is said to not contain cultural characteristics. The concept of communicative as Halbawach said includes all varieties of memories that are gathered from the daily communications. The varieties gathered are part of oral history. The communicative memory however has no fixity to bind it to the past as time passes and for it to attain this it requires it to include culture. Human beings require moving from the everyday communication and getting into the objective culture which has the structure of memory. Cultural memory that Nietzsche says people should adopt is fixed and therefore even as time passes one is bind to the past. The memory can be kept by having cultural formations in forms of text or monuments. Cultural memory has been seen to preser ve knowledge that has enabled people to be aware of their unity. The other advantage of cultural memory is that though it is hard to remember what happened in the past cultural memory can be reconstructed by relating its knowledge to an actual situation. It is also said to exist in two modes and the first is the mode where the texts and monuments act as total horizon, it is called the mode of potentiality (Nietzsche & Large 2007 p.49). The second mode in which the cultural memory exists in is the actuality mode. Cultural memory formation does not depend on one medium; it has many options like writing, images and also rituals. There is also the existence of specialists when it comes to cultural memory unlike the collective memory. Cultural memory has also been said to be reflexive in certain ways, one is that it is said to practice reflexive because it explains practices using proverbs and also rituals. It is also said to be self-reflexive because when explaining and interpreting cer tain practices it draws from itself. The other benefit of cultural memory is that it uses images and rituals that are specific to each society. Every society is required to remember its past. This enables a society to be open to it and also to others understanding their culture. Cultural memory presents the image of the society and in this way a society is united (Nietzsche, Kaufmann & Hollingdale 1968, p.71-3). This said it shows that Nietzsche was in favor of maintaining culture and looking at the past. This is why he was known to be the strongest critic of modernity. He in fact called termed it to be barbaric. Nietzsche believed that human beings in the modern era had weakened personality. He therefore argued that there was need to create great personalities as this was the only way to bring back genuine culture. The philosopher also dealt with cultural complex and said that cultures were patterned wholes. The reason why he liked culture was because he believed that culture was w hat domesticated human beings. He talked of culture enabling humans to have discipline and also have social control. It is culture that makes individuals to be healthy and strong making them to have good values unlike the modern culture which he believed had slave values. The Socratic culture that led to emergence of modern world was said by Nietzsche to be oppressing the body making individuals to have weak personalities (Miller 1970, p.98). Nietzsche has written numerous essays and books on philosophical matters, touching issues of life
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Apply legal principles to solving practical problems Essay
Apply legal principles to solving practical problems - Essay Example The Road Vehicle Lighting Regulations (RVLR) of 1989, which were modified subsequently in the year 1994, 1996, 2005, and in the year 2009, require all pedals of bicycles to have two reflectors on each pedal, provided that the bicycle is ridden between sunset and sunrise on a public road. The clipless pedals make it impossible to fit such reflectors, which is why this part of RVLR is not frequently enforced. However, if one rides a bicycle at night and is caught in any accident, any such illegality about the reflectors or lights is termed as contributory negligence. RLVR’s main points are: a pedal cycle must have lights and reflectors when ridden between sunset and sunrise; a cycle does not need lights and reflectors when it is stationary or is being pushed along the side of a road; the lights and reflectors, when required, should be clean as well as work properly; For a bicycle to be driven legally at night, the minimum requirements according to RLVR are the following items (J uden, 2013): Front lamp A bicycle must have one front lamp of white light that is positioned either centrally or offside at a vertical distance of maximum 1500 mm from the ground. The lamp should be visible from the front. If it can emit a steady light, the light must comply with BS6102/3 or an EC standard equivalent to that. If the lamp can only emit a flashing light, the light should be of 4 candela at least. Likewise, there are requirements for rear lights. The UK rules for cyclists oblige them to look all around before turning, manoeuvring, or riding away from the kerb so as to ensure a safe move (Gov.uk, 2013). Julie clearly did not look around before swerving into the path of the car driver. The cyclist must generate a clear signal to make other road users aware of his/her intentions. In case a cyclist cannot use direction indicator signals for any reason, or when he/she feels it compulsory to reinforce the stop lights and the direction indicator signals, the cyclist should ge nerate arm signals for turning left or right or to show that he/she wants to slow down or stop (Gov.uk, n.d.). Julie did not generate any signal either. Although Julie was riding on a country road at night, she might not be required to have two reflectors on each pedal because that condition is for driving on a public road at night, yet she needed to have steady or flashing front and rear lights anyway. By not having those lights on her bicycle, Julie did contributory negligence. â€Å"[I]f a cyclist in dark clothes goes out onto the road at night on a bike without proper lights, it’s not his fault if a driver fails to see him†(Thomas, 2012). Because of contributory negligence, it is very unlikely that Julie can get a satisfactory result if she intends to sue the car driver. Some recent court decisions in cases that were brought against the car drivers by the injured cyclists suggest that the courts are generally stricter toward the cyclists as compared to the pedestr ians in cases where the cyclists have shown contributory negligence (Blondwig, 2012). One such case is Malasi v Attmed, in which a bicycle rider jumped a red light and, without looking, rode across the junction (Blondwig, 2012). A taxi hit the bicycle and seriously injured the rider. Although the taxi driver applied the brakes after seeing the cyclist, the speed of taxi was too high for the collision to be avoided. When the cyclist sued the taxi driver to get compensation from him for the injuries that had been caused,
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Use of Idioms in ELL classes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Use of Idioms in ELL classes - Assignment Example Stories are useful for teaching and entertaining students and they draw students’ attention and are readily absorbed. Contextual information is significantly effective and necessary for aiding students’ understanding of idioms. Another effective means of communicating meaning is through the use of illustrations. Although there is lingering debate regarding the affect of visuals on reading comprehension, many researchers claim that reading materials accompanied by visuals are more comprehensible to students as they more diversely target intelligences and offer a more abstract unit of meaning. Key vocabulary is illustrated by showing pictures and diagrams, which improves the ESL students’ reading comprehension. The use of illustrations shows that when words and pictures are presented together, students recall them better than when they are presented alone. Providing interesting pictures fosters and reinforces vocabulary development. The use of visuals with bright colors, rather than black and white copies, aids the student in recalling the picture. Create a game out of the idioms. This helps the students by giving them experience with the idiomatic expressions in a practical situation and motivates them to learn because the exercise is a game. One example involves placing the idioms on cards that the students can choose. The students then work collaboratively to act out the literal translation. Other groups of students then try and match the idiom that is being acted out to a list of idioms they have been
Monday, October 14, 2019
Impact of Significant Life Events
Impact of Significant Life Events The transitions imply all of us. The layer of rain of the amendment suppose a question of low level survival for millennia . Then the people evolved an exclusive methods for they get accustomed to changes and surprise . The normal changes can conquered by the education. The considerable change can prove our individuality and mesh left they go of completely supported values, hops. Sometime transition are showed under the diagram. after events of life keys show up to 10-20 period in our spam of life. The transition can be widely divided in two types. These types are, Awaited Transition An awaited transition can be defined as an expectation that the people who waits for the changes. Then they knew the changes that go to past as the childs, marriage or birthing etc Can be Unexpected ( transition ) it will happen with a knowledge. This one, humans dont know the changes that are going to happen. for example : Dismissal, death etc. There are some variables that the following of style of adaptation of the influence is: Culture Religion Social Fund Attitude Individual Behavior the transition more significant than different also, some changes or this Transition are acknowledgeable like at the Awaited if persons are extraordinary a little also the Unexpected Transition persons unconscious turning capably of facing the change. then a transition is more significant. Different responses made to significant life event and transition by individuals Answer 1.2 that the stages of life are the different step along which an individual should happen during all his process of life (more Difficult states 2009) it includes this one: the development or infancy the discovery or years adolescents the establishment or juvenile adulthood the continuation or average adulthood to push back or major Nevertheless, normally aptitude for an individual to cope with the events of life in truth related to the stages of the life of the person. Our individuality presents the approach in another direction. You look at latest most of the time as pessimistic or optimistic, dependent or independent, careful or adventurous, impassive or emotional, passive or aggressive, adept or lead agency; generally, these are the character of cholera congenital, Nevertheless other attribute example the emotion that one or low other / authority becomes visible to the study and in particular to challenge basis different and respect we enter to grow. According Erickson, culture has a tremendous influence in human behavior, it has developed and placed more accents in the outside world that wars and depression 1. Infancy (of the birth to 18 months) Result of development of ego: suspicion against confidence Principal force: wait and I walk 2. The early infancy (it begins Eighteen months to Three years) Effect of development of ego: shame against autonomy Principal force: it goes to, the courage and car control 3. The age of game (from three to five years) Result of development of ego: he blames against initiative Central force: target 1. The school age (from 6 to 12 years) Result of development of ego: inferiority against industry Principal forces: competition and method 2. The adolescence (from 12 to 18 years) Result of development of ego: confusion of role against identity Fundamental forces: loyalty and allegiance 3. The young adulthood (from 18 to 35 years) Result of development of ego: isolation, solidarity and intimacy Principal forces: love and affiliation 4. average adulthood: (from 35 to 65 years) Result of development of ego: me absorption or stagnation against generativamente Critical forces: it worry and production 5. Late adulthood: (from 65 years to death) Result of development of ego: desperation against integrity Essential forces: Knowledge The direction of a particularly difficult depends event the stages of our life. And when we have seen with the various stages of life Erickson, we can or to cope with an important event that the death of a member of our family that he will be joined for our standard of living which can be adapted or insufficient to help us to confront this dramatic event in the Pacific. The young man of 10 is lit more challenge to conquer the death of his father that they are compared by the adult of 57 which has a number of life experiences. Personality is organized and dynamic thu characteristics owned by an individual who determines only that it or its cognitions, the behaviors and the motivations in various situations. I. The Ego More difficult (2009) states that This is the structure of the personality that it treats with the demands of veracity or reality; it is called the executive power of the personality because a use of reasoning makes to take decisions . The II.st The superego It is the judge or the moral branch of the personality that it identifies or door to the spirit if something goes wrong or is correct, it is considered as our conscience. Personality changes of an individual to other because, in a sense, each person is not only and the personality that only simply means that people have different reactions, approaches when they meet the challenges in his life. Group responds to significant life events Williams (1999) explain this the change they are the ordinary series for which each one reacts to startle and to adapt, and to have to go during several stage to get accustomed completely to events keys in our work and person life, loss, damage, divorce or loss of work and new matters, the employment or the substitution radically change our life. The excellent events as well as the scare can destabilize our minds, need that we change drastically ours thoughtfully the world, This one takes more time that most of persons understands, often with a stage of the interior bottomless disaster approximately six months later, until we could stop they go of the past and settle completely to our new reality. These procedures influence every person, most of cultures, after principal events of life. These ten happen to twenty times in the life of the people of the majority. Of being understood and I support these events they can be decisive points and opportunity. Or they can go forward to the severe error of judgment, sadness, breakdown, broken matters, career and sometimes suicide. When we have an individual disaster, or we see others in one, in general we contemplate the immediate situation. If there is exterior sensitive factor these can begin a transition. And the additional enthusiasm, the incredulity, the denial, the suspense, the losing confidence, the confusion and the depression are the primary responses to the transition. The social support is A network of members of the family and friends who gives positive reactions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Persons that give emotional support. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Honest clashes when you establish a style of life of the resumption. The framework consists of gifts of its success, the reminders you dedicate when and understanding when you are discouraged and injury. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The citizens of his life not that does not accept no excuse of you, but contributes to keep its foot and dedication to progress. . The importance of social support is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ applauded up to continue to sacrifice and the power to create the change. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivate to persist jobs in the change. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Support and estimated nostalgia when you are the experience a plateau that they imply the small visible change. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Believe that the difficulties on you and the hard work that you create. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This will be chase costs means in which you can change its style of life à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ more difficult and longer Work in his work or efforts to be improved. Them  · they turn in more affected and interested into his progress and development. Them  · they become more careful in his efforts to change. More sensitive fact on the time and effort had to do the essential change of his life. Answer 14 Mckibbin and (2008) the state tension, such as the response of entrant to a human being has by force shall exercise, in extreme or the other type of require placed on them. Many things in the work can lead to the tension, and the individual will find some things more stressful that different. The Walsh (2005) stipulates that the concept of the tension popularly has to do with the feeling  » under the pressure , unable to cope with the requirements of the situation. Financial commitments and problems Poor-quality living condition Personal relationship Health problems Excessive work roles/long hours Lack of sleep Lack of rest and relaxation Sources of Stress Prejudice, discrimination and hostility from others The Asbridge and To (2008) it describes that small quantity of the tension can be well for us, but tension of some times increases and get in the way with our health. When someone under tension bodies produces a hormone called the adrenaline. The sudden liberation of the adrenaline in the bloodstream causes several effects in the short term, even a beat of rapid, more rapid heart respiration, dry mouth, wide open eyes, sweaty hands, the need to go to the services and a pale face. These signs of the tension do not last a lot of time when they need the energy. If a stressful situation does not improve, then the person can fall ill. The tension impact in each one especially worries the following of workpeople the potential impact is in workpeople of care Denial Rage Social Retreat Anxiety Depression Insomnia Irritability Depletion Lack of concentration Problems of Health To reduce the tension it is necessary to conquer the things that caused the tension, which is not always easy. Below they are some ways of relieving the tension:  · Change the situation to remove the thing this causing the tension. formation of direction of Time might help to avoid the tension caused by the lack of the time. Emotional expression speaks of or notes down feelings, putting the positive aspect in a list and denials. Assertive formation can go to the source of the problem. skills of Relaxation as therapy of watering, massage, hipnoterapia. Exercise. Medicines prescribidas for GP Therapy to help to organize thoughts to look at a situation differently. game of Role they calculate strategies of adapting themselves practising them first. Others social networks may provide support to individuals experiencing Answer 2.2 According Kubler (1969) there are five fundamental stages in cases of death are denial, anger, the negotiation, depression and finally acceptance. Diagram below describe the time Source: http://www.armchairadvice.co.uk/bereavement/emotional/responses.asp Denial Kubler (1969) states that Denial is a aware or unaware rejection to agree to evidence, truth, and many more, relate to the scenario concerned, Its a resistance mechanism and completely usual, Some people can become locked in this period when dealing with a shocking change that can be ignored, Death of course is not particularly easy to avoid or avoid indefinitely. Anger He further describes that Anger can manifest in different ways People dealing with emotional upset can be angry with themselves, and/or with others, particularly those close to them, knowing this helps keep detached and non-judgemental when experiencing the anger of someone who is very upset. Negotiation Kubler (1969), provides that the tradition of stage negotiator for the people face death can lead to the try to negotiate with any God in whom the individual believes, people turn a volume of the serious minor trauma that it can negotiate or look to place a negotiation, the negotiation rarely that it provides a sustainable exit, mainly if it is a matter of life or death. Depression It is mentioned as preparatory affliction. In a sense it is the process of clothing or the formation led to the consequence although this stage means different things according to which this implies, is a kind of acceptance of the touch accessory. It is usual to feel the sorrow and sadness, fear, suspense, etc. : This shows that the person began to accept at least the reality. Acceptance Kubler (1969) define this stage truly they change according to the state of the person, although largely this is a sign that there is some touching separation and objectivity, the agonizing People can enter this stage a lot of time before the people that they stop, the one who must happen essentially for her own individual stage of deals with the sorrow . The loss is the Unexpected transition normally like a human being for which each one spends this one she organizes the time it will change to the person to the person that one day confronting the loss they need the social support of that time they can come to the normal life. Answer 2.3 External sources of support General Practitioner The people faced the transition some time that he is depressed in this case, they can go to its GP and go to them on the problem you face and GP prescribe anti depressants. The doctor is its first person to consult. The adviser is Adviser the person when you go and to go to someone who has been formed to be a good auditor and help to the conversation of the population on his problem. The adviser can be capable to help him to understand his feelings and thoughts better. Me they help groups where a group of people that they have all transferred to a transition or depression is together to speak and to support another. This can help to feel less when you find another people which has the same classes of feelings as you and also it can show him the means that they have adapted itself. The discovery that you can help and support can help another people to feel better. Psychiatric Disorders specialist that it is the person who deals with serious depressed that he continues during many time. Then it will listen to his problem and will the treatment. Psychiatric Nurse he / she is the people who is his house regularly and conversation with you on the progress and registers all. Answers 3.1 It is the aim of the company to ensure that no present or future employee or applicant for employment receives less favourable treatment on the grounds of sex,marital status ,disability ,races colour, nationality (including citizenship ) or ethnic be shown to be justifiable. the elimination of any discrimination in employment the promotion of equality of opportunity an also guidance on the steps that need to be taken to ensure that employment practice remain within the law The policy will be implemented ti accordance with appropriate statuary requirement of The equal pay Act 1970 The equal (Amendment) Regulations 1983 The sex discrimination Act 1974 The race relations Act 1976 Recommendation for improving the support available in the organisation for individuals and their social networks significant life event Answer 03, 3 Communication is about the way people reach out to one another. It is an essential part of all relationships, and the ability to communication well with service users, colleagues and other is to basic requirement for doing your job. An also its not just talking-we uses touch, facial experience and body movements when we ploughs communicating with people personally, and there plough many means of written and electronic communication in todays society. It is important that we reads to communicate well even where there plough differences in individuals abilities and methods of communication; you will also need to be able to communication effectively on complex and sensitive issues. Recording information is important and serves much valuable purpose. Record We need to understand the significant of what our and how it is record. Ex-, 1 How to identify the support individuals need 2 Overcoming difficulties in communication 3 How to find out about likely communication problems 4 Communication differences 5 Listening effectively You differ from communication and Actions for this (efficacy of contribution of personnel with experience) 01) Different language 1 Smile 2 they have a friendly expression 3 gestures of Use 4 pictures of Use 5 heat of spectacle and stimulus repeat his words with a smile to verify the understanding 02) Hearing of damage 1) To speak clearly, listen carefully, and answer to what is said to him 2) To remove any distraction and other noises 3) To make sure that any resource to the hearing works 4) Mail of use where assigned 5) Singing of use where assigned. 03) For contribution of Personnel of physical disability 1 They make sure that the surroundings are adapted and accessible 2 they bear in different mind with the production of voice if it is necessary 3 they do not frequent 4 they remember that any corporal language cannot be appropriate 04) For contribution of Personnel Learning disability 1) to judge the appropriate level of the understanding 2) our to answer in the right level 3) To remain patient and to be ready to keep on covering the same ground 4) To be ready to wait and to listen carefully to the response 05) Visual damage 1) to use the touch of being assigned to communicate the worry, the compassion and the interest 2) to use the tone of voice rather that expressions to communicate the humor and the response 3) The contract of an insurance that all the visual communication is transferred in something that can be heard, tape or someone reading
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Othellos Tragic Flaw Essay -- essays research papers
Of Shakespeare’s five greatest tragedies, Othello is by far the most passionate and gripping. It is a tale of love, deception, evil, honesty, and virtue. Othello himself is set apart from other Shakespearean tragic heroes by the absolute feeling of affection the audience feels for him even unto the very end of the play. Any discerning reader painfully recognizes the virtue and goodness of Othello throughout the entire play, in contrast to the general degeneration of character so typical of a tragic hero. It is this complete pity that makes the death of Othello so tragic as the audience lends their full hopeful support until the inevitable and unavoidable fall. The evil side of Othello’s tragic flaw came from without, in the form of Iago. The internal flaw exists only in his heartrendingly unshakable goodness and honor. One of the first impressions gained of Othello is that he is a great war hero. Before much else is said of him, tales of his skill and valor in battle are illustrated and he is shown to be a great and famed warrior. He naturally possesses many attributes typically associated with soldiers. From the beginning Othello is noble, quick to act, judicious, trusting, and gives much weight to the importance of duty. These are all traits that serve to make him great at the beginning of the play, and later, ironically become key elements in his downfall. These aspects can be considered the internal causes of Othello’s tragic flaw. â€Å"Othello's nature is all of one piece. His trust, where he trusts, is absolute†¦. Love, if he loves, must be to him the heaven where either he must leave or bear no life. If such a passion as jealousy seizes him, it will swell into a well-night incontrollable flood.†Othello is pure an... ...conduct the night of the wedding feast. Othello is one who believes in justice and fairness and will make no exception, even for the love of his life. Ultimately, he murders her because he is, â€Å"One that loved not wisely but too well.†(V, ii, 398) This, above all, gives the play its powerful end. Othello’s true flaw is not vile, destructive jealousy, but rather pure and prevailing love. He has a very strong character of virtue and nobility that is intact up to the horrid end. Iago’s deceit and trickery are more the cause of Othello’s tragic fall than any fault of Othello himself. This innocence and greatness of the tragic hero unequaled in any other Shakespearean tragedy is what gives the play its terrible irony and passion. Othello plays on the most powerful of all human emotions: faith and love, both embodied to the fullest in the great and honest Othello. Othello's Tragic Flaw Essay -- essays research papers Of Shakespeare’s five greatest tragedies, Othello is by far the most passionate and gripping. It is a tale of love, deception, evil, honesty, and virtue. Othello himself is set apart from other Shakespearean tragic heroes by the absolute feeling of affection the audience feels for him even unto the very end of the play. Any discerning reader painfully recognizes the virtue and goodness of Othello throughout the entire play, in contrast to the general degeneration of character so typical of a tragic hero. It is this complete pity that makes the death of Othello so tragic as the audience lends their full hopeful support until the inevitable and unavoidable fall. The evil side of Othello’s tragic flaw came from without, in the form of Iago. The internal flaw exists only in his heartrendingly unshakable goodness and honor. One of the first impressions gained of Othello is that he is a great war hero. Before much else is said of him, tales of his skill and valor in battle are illustrated and he is shown to be a great and famed warrior. He naturally possesses many attributes typically associated with soldiers. From the beginning Othello is noble, quick to act, judicious, trusting, and gives much weight to the importance of duty. These are all traits that serve to make him great at the beginning of the play, and later, ironically become key elements in his downfall. These aspects can be considered the internal causes of Othello’s tragic flaw. â€Å"Othello's nature is all of one piece. His trust, where he trusts, is absolute†¦. Love, if he loves, must be to him the heaven where either he must leave or bear no life. If such a passion as jealousy seizes him, it will swell into a well-night incontrollable flood.†Othello is pure an... ...conduct the night of the wedding feast. Othello is one who believes in justice and fairness and will make no exception, even for the love of his life. Ultimately, he murders her because he is, â€Å"One that loved not wisely but too well.†(V, ii, 398) This, above all, gives the play its powerful end. Othello’s true flaw is not vile, destructive jealousy, but rather pure and prevailing love. He has a very strong character of virtue and nobility that is intact up to the horrid end. Iago’s deceit and trickery are more the cause of Othello’s tragic fall than any fault of Othello himself. This innocence and greatness of the tragic hero unequaled in any other Shakespearean tragedy is what gives the play its terrible irony and passion. Othello plays on the most powerful of all human emotions: faith and love, both embodied to the fullest in the great and honest Othello.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Emerson and Thoreau as Prophets of Eco-wisdom :: Biography Biographies Essays
Emerson and Thoreau as Prophets of Eco-wisdom   The major premise of transcendental eco-wisdom is that connection with nature is essential for a person's intellectual, aesthetic, and moral health and growth. One must see and experience nature intimately, whether defined as the "not-me" or as landscape, to participate in the unity of Spirit underlying its visible processes. This connectedness is the basis of the self-reliance which determines how a person lives with integrity in nature and society. Granted, the concept of self-reliance apparently devalues social concerns, including the global commitment and cooperation needed to bring about the kinds of changes that would reverse the climatic greenhouse effect, for example. Indeed, Emerson's ideas have been unfairly appropriated to justify the capitalistic exploitative excesses and insensitivity to social problems and long-term consequences that lie at the root of many of our environmental problems. However, we cannot fault Emerson and Thoreau for not imagining our current dependen ce on technology, the complexity of a largely urban economy or the ties of a global community. Yet even the notion of a self-contained Concord or Walden Pond, which might seem naive and outdated, is reflected in current ideas about eco- regionalism. By accounting for what they could not have known of our present condition, we can still find fruitful ways of understanding where humans, singly and as a species, should fit into nature. Emerson's greatest gift was lessons in seeing in and through nature and extracting symbolic meaning, yet his own intimate encounters with the nature around him were relatively rare and indirect, with few concrete traces in his writings except as occasional metaphors. He wanted his revelations from nature to be abstract and come by surprise, as did the famed mystical encounter at the beginning of his book Nature: "Crossing a bare common, in snow puddles, at twilight, under a clouded sky, without having in my thoughts any occurrence of special good fortune, I have enjoyed a perfect exhilaration. I am glad to the brink of fear." In such an experience, even the self is absorbed by a greater power: "I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me." The metaphor may be unfortunate, but not his faith that a single person could perceive unspeakable meanings through experiencing nature, even if only indirectly. Such possibilit ies impelled Thoreau and countless others since to mine the details and processes of nature that Emerson had generalized, looking for embedded revelations and sharing in nature's "ecstasy.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Extraction of Trimyristin
Trimyristin is an ester with the chemical formula C45H86O6 that can be isolated from the common spice nutmeg. The seed of the evergreen trees in the genus Myristica Fragrans is what nutmeg is obtained from. Trimyristin is the triglyceride of myristic acid also known as saturated fat (3). The phase of trimyristin is solid and is only found soluble in dichloromethane, chloroform, ether, benzene, and ethanol (1). Only twenty to twenty-five percent of trimyristin makes up the mass of nutmeg and it is formed from the glycerol and saturated carboxylic acid (2).Like most extractions, isolating trimyristin is complex considering a variety of products are extracted in the solvent. * Method: * Extraction of Trimyristin: First the sand bath was set to about 40o C. In the meantime 1. 00g of ground nutmeg was weighed out and transferred to a 25mL round bottom flask. Then 10 mL of methylene chloride and 2 boiling chips were added to the round bottom flask. The round bottom flask was then connected to an air condenser and lowered onto the sand bath.The solution was allowed to boil gently for 30 minutes until it was removed and set aside to cool. After it cooled the nutmeg residue was filtered from the methylene chloride using a Hirsch funnel containing a methylene chloride moistened filter paper. A minimal amount of methylene chloride was then used to wash any excess residue out of the round bottom flask and into the filter. The filtrate was then transferred into a clean, dry, and tarred Erlenmeyer flask.The Erlenmeyer flask was then placed on a hot plate set between 50oC to 100oC inside the fume hood until the solvent evaporated into a yellowish oily solid. The solid that remained was then weighed. * Recrystallization of Trimyristin: Acetone was added in 1mL portions to the Erlenmeyer flask that contained the solid. During the same time, the flask was warmed on a sand bath in order to dissolve the solid. Then it was allowed to slowly cool to room temperature and placed into an ice bath for 10 minutes.The crystals were collected by vacuum filtration and were allowed to dry. * Analysis: After the crystals were dry the solid was weighed and then the melting point was determined using a Melt-Temp machine. * Results: Lab Components| Mass (g)| Volume (mL)| Nutmeg| 1. 00g| –| Flask and Testube| 83. 47g| –| Flask, Testube, and Filtrate (initial)| 90. 54g| –| Filtrate (initial)| 7. 07g| –| Erlenmeyer Flask| 74. 14g| –| Erlenmeyer flask and Filtrate (final)| 74. 41g| –|Filtrate (final)| 0. 26g| –| Acetone| –| 1. 00mL| * These results show all the measurements that were taken from everything used in order to determine the analysis of the trimyristin extracted which is shown below. * Analysis: Weight of Trimyristin| 0. 1g| Melting Point of Trimyristin| 53. 2oC – 54. 3oC| % of Trimyristin extracted| 10%| * Conclusion: During this experiment methods of vacuum filtration and recrystallization were used to extract trimyristin from the spice nutmeg.When trimyristin was successfully extracted there was a low percentage (10%) of the amount extracted but it had a melting point that was almost exact to the actual melting point of trimyristin which is 53oC-54oC. The experiment was performed successfully for the most part, disregarding a few minor mistakes made in the procedure. These mistakes didn’t interfere with the outcome of the experiment but could have improved the performance of it. For instance, it took a long time for the solvent to evaporate because the hot plate was set at too low of a temperature.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Chapter 14 Snape’s Grudge
No one in Gryffindor Tower slept that night. They knew that the castle was being searched again, and the whole House stayed awake in the common room, waiting to hear whether Black had been caught. Professor McGonagall came back at dawn, to tell them that he had again escaped. Throughout the day, everywhere they went they saw signs of tighter security; Professor Flitwick could be seen teaching the front doors to recognize a large picture of Sirius Black; Filch was suddenly bustling up and down the corridors, boarding up everything from tiny cracks in the walls to mouse holes. Sir Cadogan had been fired. His portrait had been taken back to its lonely landing on the seventh floor, and the Fat Lady was back. She had been expertly restored, but was still extremely nervous, and had agreed to return to her job only on condition that she was given extra protection. A bunch of surly security trolls had been hired to guard her. They paced the corridor in a menacing group, talking in grunts and comparing the size of their clubs. Harry couldn't help noticing that the statue of the one-eyed witch on the third floor remained unguarded and unblocked. It seemed that Fred and George had been right in thinking that they  and now Harry, Ron, and Hermione  were the only ones who knew about the hidden passageway within it. â€Å"D'you reckon we should tell someone?†Harry asked Ron. â€Å"We know he's not coming in through Honeyduke's,†said Ron dismissively. â€Å"We'd've heard if the shop had been broken into.†Harry was glad Ron took this view. If the one-eyed witch was boarded up too, he would never be able to go into Hogsmeade again. Ron had become an instant celebrity. For the first time in his life, people were paying more attention to him than to Harry, and it was clear that Ron was rather enjoying the experience. Though still severely shaken by the night's events, he was happy to tell anyone who asked what had happened, with a wealth of detail. â€Å"†¦ I was asleep, and I heard this ripping noise, and I thought it was in my dream, you know? But then there was this draft†¦I woke up and one side of the hangings on my bed had been pulled down†¦I rolled over†¦and I saw him standing over me†¦like a skeleton, with loads of filthy hair†¦holding this great long knife, must've been twelve inches†¦and he looked at me, and I looked at him, and then I yelled, and he scampered. â€Å"Why, though?†Ron added to Harry as the group of second year girls who had been listening to his chilling tale departed. â€Å"Why did he run?†Harry had been wondering the same thing. Why had Black, having got the wrong bed, not silenced Ron and proceeded to Harry? Black had proved twelve years ago that he didn't mind murdering innocent people, and this time he had been facing five unarmed boys, four of whom were asleep. â€Å"He must've known he'd have a job getting back out of the castle once you'd yelled and woken people up,†said Harry thoughtfully. â€Å"He'd've had to kill the whole house to get back through the portrait hole†¦then he would've met the teachers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Neville was in total disgrace. Professor McGonagall was so furious with him she had banned him from all future Hogsmeade visits, given him a detention, and forbidden anyone to give him the password into the tower. Poor Neville was forced to wait. outside the common room every night for somebody to let him in, while the security trolls leered unpleasantly at him. None of these punishments, however, came close to matching the one his grandmother had in store for him. Two days after Black's break-in, she sent Neville the very worst thing a Hogwarts student could receive over breakfast  a Howler. The school owls swooped into the Great Hall carrying the mail as usual, and Neville choked as a huge barn owl landed in front of him, a scarlet envelope clutched in its beak. Harry and Ron, who were sitting opposite him, recognized the letter as a Howler at once  Ron had got one from his mother the year before. â€Å"Run for it, Neville,†Ron advised. Neville didn't need telling twice. He seized the envelope, and holding it before him like a bomb, sprinted out of the hall, while the Slytherin table exploded with laughter at the sight of him. They heard the Howler go off in the entrance hall  Neville's grandmother's voice, magically magnified to a hundred times its usual volume, shrieking about how he had brought shame on the whole family. Harry was too busy feeling sorry for Neville to notice immediately that he had a letter too. Hedwig got his attention by nipping him sharply on the wrist. â€Å"Ouch! Oh  thanks, Hedwig.†Harry tore open the envelope while Hedwig helped herself to some of Neville's cornflakes. The note inside said: Dear Harry and Ron, How about having tea with me this afternoon 'round six? I'll come collect you from the castle. WAIT FOR ME IN THE ENTRANCE HALL; YOU'RE NOT ALLOWED OUT ON YOUR OWN. Cheers, Hagrid â€Å"He probably wants to hear all about Black!†said Ron. So at six o'clock that afternoon, Harry and Ron left Gryffindor Tower, passed the security trolls at a run, and headed down to the entrance hall. Hagrid was already waiting for them. â€Å"All right, Hagrid!†said Ron. â€Å"S'pose you want to hear about Saturday night, do you?†â€Å"I've already heard all abou' it,†said Hagrid, opening the front doors and leading them outside. â€Å"Oh,†said Ron, looking slightly put out. The first thing they saw on entering Hagrid's cabin was Buckbeak, who was stretched out on top of Hagrid's patchwork quilt, his enormous wings folded tight to his body, enjoying a large plate of dead ferrets. Averting his eyes from this unpleasant sight, Harry saw a gigantic, hairy brown suit and a very horrible yellow-and-orange tie hanging from the top of Hagrid's wardrobe door. â€Å"What are they for, Hagrid?†said Harry. â€Å"Buckbeak's case against the Committee fer the Disposal o' Dangerous Creatures,†said Hagrid. â€Å"This Friday. Him an' me'll be goin' down ter London together. I've booked two beds on the Knight Bus†¦.†Harry felt a nasty pang of guilt. He had completely forgotten that Buckbeak's trial was so near, and judging by the uneasy look on Ron's face, he had too. They had also forgotten their promise about helping him prepare Buckbeak's defense; the arrival of the Firebolt had driven it clean out of their minds. Hagrid poured them tea and offered them a plate of Bath buns but they knew better than to accept; they had had too much experience with Hagrid's cooking. â€Å"I got somethin' ter discuss with you two,†said Hagrid, sitting himself between them and looking uncharacteristically serious. â€Å"What?†said Harry. â€Å"Hermione,†said Hagrid. â€Å"What about her?†said Ron. â€Å"She's in a righ' state, that's what. She's bin comin' down ter visit me a lot since Chris'mas. Bin feelin' lonely. Firs' yeh weren' talking to her because o' the Firebolt, now yer not talkin' to her because her cat –â€Å" â€Å"?C ate Scabbers!†Ron interjected angrily. â€Å"Because her cat acted like all cats do,†Hagrid continued doggedly. â€Å"She's cried a fair few times, yeh know. Goin' through a rough time at the moment. Bitten off more'n she can chew, if yeh ask me, all the work she's tryin' ter do. Still found time ter help me with Buckbeak's case, mind†¦She's found some really good stuff fer me†¦reckon he'll stand a good chance now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ â€Å"Hagrid, we should've helped as well  sorry –†Harry began awkwardly. â€Å"I'm not blamin' yeh!†said Hagrid, waving Harry's apology aside. â€Å"Gawd knows yeh've had enough ter be getting' on with. I've seen yeh practicin' Quidditch ev'ry hour o' the day an' night  but I gotta tell yeh, I thought you two'd value yer friend more'n broomsticks or rats. Tha's all.†Harry and Ron exchanged uncomfortable looks. â€Å"Really upset, she was, when Black nearly stabbed yeh, Ron. She's got her heart in the right place, Hermione has, an' you two not talkin' to her –â€Å" â€Å"If she'd just get rid of that cat, I'd speak to her again!†Ron said angrily. â€Å"But she's still sticking up for it! It's a maniac, and she won't hear a word against it!†â€Å"Ah, well, people can be a bit stupid abou' their pets,†said Hagrid wisely. Behind him, Buckbeak spat a few ferret bones onto Hagrid's pillow. They spent the rest of their visit discussing Gryffindor's improved chances for the Quidditch Cup. At nine o'clock, Hagrid walked them back up to the castle. A large group of people was bunched around the bulletin board when they returned to the common room. â€Å"Hogsmeade, next weekend!†said Ron, craning over the heads to read the new notice. â€Å"What d'you reckon?†he added quietly to Harry as they went to sit down. â€Å"Well, Filch hasn't done anything about the passage into Honeydukes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Harry said, even more quietly. â€Å"Harry!†said a voice in his right ear. Harry started and looked around at Hermione, who was sitting at the table right behind them and clearing a space in the wall of books that had been hiding her. â€Å"Harry, if you go into Hogsmeade again†¦I'll tell Professor McGonagall about that map!†said Hermione. â€Å"Can you hear someone talking, Harry?†growled Ron, not looking at Hermione. â€Å"Ron, how can you let him go with you? After what Sirius Black nearly did to you! I mean it, I'll tell –â€Å" â€Å"So now you're trying to get Harry expelled!†said Ron furiously. â€Å"Haven't you done enough damage this year?†Hermione opened her mouth to respond, but with a soft hiss, Crookshanks leapt onto her lap. Hermione took one frightened look at the expression on Ron's face, gathered up Crookshanks, and hurried away toward the girls' dormitories. â€Å"So how about it?†Ron said to Harry as though there had been no interruption. â€Å"Come on, last time we went you didn't see anything. You haven't even been inside Zonko's yet!†Harry looked around to check that Hermione was well out of earshot. â€Å"Okay,†he said. â€Å"But I'm taking the Invisibility Cloak this time.†On Saturday morning, Harry packed his Invisibility Cloak in his bag, slipped the Marauder's Map into his pocket, and went down to breakfast with everyone else. Hermione kept shooting suspicious looks down the table at him, but he avoided her eye and was careful to let her see him walking back up the marble staircase in the entrance hall as everybody else proceeded to the front doors. â€Å"Bye!†Harry called to Ron. â€Å"See you when you get back!†Ron grinned and winked. Harry hurried up to the third floor, slipping the Marauder's Map out of his pocket as he went. Crouching behind the one-eyed witch, he smoothed it out. A tiny dot was moving in his direction. Harry squinted at it. The minuscule writing next to it read Neville Longbottom. Harry quickly pulled out his wand, muttered, â€Å"Dissendium!†and shoved his bag into the statue, but before he could climb in himself, Neville came around the corner. â€Å"Harry! I forgot you weren't going to Hogsmeade either!†â€Å"Hi, Neville,†said Harry, moving swiftly away from the statue and pushing the map back into his pocket. â€Å"What are you up to?†â€Å"Nothing,†shrugged Neville. â€Å"Want a game of Exploding Snap?†â€Å"Er  not now  I was going to go to the library and do that vampire essay for Lupin –â€Å" â€Å"I'll come with you!†said Neville brightly. â€Å"I haven't done it either!†â€Å"Er  hang on  yeah, I forgot, I finished it last night!†â€Å"Great, you can help me!†said Neville, his round face anxious. â€Å"I don't understand that thing about the garlic at all  do they have to eat it, or –â€Å" He broke off with a small gasp, looking over Harry's shoulder. It was Snape. Neville took a quick step behind Harry. â€Å"And what are you two doing here?†said Snape, coming to a halt and looking from one to the other. â€Å"An odd place to meet –â€Å" To Harry's immense disquiet, Snape's black eyes flicked to the doorways on either side of them, and then to the one-eyed witch. â€Å"We're not  meeting here,†said Harry. â€Å"We just  met here.†â€Å"Indeed?†said Snape. â€Å"You have a habit of turning up in unexpected places, Potter, and you are very rarely there for no good reason†¦I suggest the pair of you return to Gryffindor Tower, where you belong.†Harry and Neville set off without another word. As they turned the corner, Harry looked back. Snape was running one of his hands over the one-eyed witch's head, examining it closely. Harry managed to shake Neville off at the Fat Lady by telling him the password, then pretending he'd left his vampire essay in the library and doubling back. Once out of sight of the security trolls, he pulled out the map again and held it close to his nose. The third floor corridor seemed to be deserted. Harry scanned the map carefully and saw, with a leap of relief, that the tiny dot labeled Severus Snape was now back in its office. He sprinted back to the one-eyed witch, opened her hump, heaved himself inside, and slid down to meet his bag at the bottom of the stone chute. He wiped the Marauder's Map blank again, then set off at a run. Harry, completely hidden beneath the Invisibility Cloak, emerged into the sunlight outside Honeydukes and prodded Ron in the back. â€Å"It's me,†he muttered. â€Å"What kept you?†Ron hissed. â€Å"Snape was hanging around.†They set off up the High Street. â€Å"Where are you?†Ron kept muttering out of the corner of his mouth. â€Å"Are you still there? This feels weird†¦Ã¢â‚¬ They went to the post office; Ron pretended to be checking the price of an owl to Bill in Egypt so that Harry could have a good look around. The owls sat hooting softly down at him, at least three hundred of them; from Great Grays right down to tiny little Scops owls (â€Å"Local Deliveries Only†), which were so small they could have sat in the palm of Harry's hand. Then they visited Zonko's, which was so packed with students Harry had to exercise great care not to tread on anyone and cause a panic. There were jokes and tricks to fulfill even Fred's and George's wildest dreams; Harry gave Ron whispered orders and passed him some gold from under the cloak. They left Zonko's with their money bags considerably lighter than they had been on entering, but their pockets bulging with Dungbombs, Hiccup Sweets, Frog Spawn Soap, and a Nose-Biting Teacup apiece. The day was fine and breezy, and neither of them felt like staying indoors, so they walked past the Three Broomsticks and climbed a slope to visit the Shrieking Shack, the most haunted dwelling in Britain. It stood a little way above the rest of the village, and even in daylight was slightly creepy, with its boarded windows and dank overgrown garden. â€Å"Even the Hogwarts ghosts avoid it,†said Ron as they leaned on the fence, looking up at it. â€Å"I asked Nearly Headless Nick†¦he says he's heard a very rough crowd lives here. No one can get in. Fred and George tried, obviously, but all the entrances are sealed shut†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Harry, feeling hot from their climb, was just considering taking off the cloak for a few minutes when they heard voices nearby. Someone was climbing toward the house from the other side of the hill; moments later, Malfoy had appeared, followed closely by Crabbe and Goyle. Malfoy was speaking. â€Å"†¦should have an owl from Father any time now. He had to go to the hearing to tell them about my arm†¦about how I couldn't use it for three months†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Crabbe and Goyle sniggered. â€Å"I really wish I could hear that great hairy moron trying to defend himself†¦'There's no ‘arm in ‘im, ‘onest –‘†¦That Hippogriff's as good as dead –â€Å" Malfoy suddenly caught sight of Ron. His pale face split in a malevolent grin. â€Å"What are you doing, Weasley?†Malfoy looked up at the crumbling house behind Ron. â€Å"Suppose you'd love to live here, wouldn't you, Weasley? Dreaming about having your own bedroom? I heard your family all sleep in one room  is that true?†Harry seized the back of Ron's robes to stop him from leaping on Malfoy. â€Å"Leave him to me,†he hissed in Ron's ear. The opportunity was too perfect to miss. Harry crept silently around behind Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle, bent down, and scooped a large handful of mud out of the path. â€Å"We were just discussing your friend Hagrid,†Malfoy said to Ron. â€Å"Just trying to imagine what he's saying to the Committee for the Disposal of Dangerous Creatures. D'you think he'll cry when they cut off his Hippogriff's –â€Å" SPLAT! Malfoy's head jerked forward as the mud hit him; his silverblond hair was suddenly dripping in muck. â€Å"What the –?†Ron had to hold onto the fence to keep himself standing, he was laughing so hard. Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle spun stupidly on the spot, staring wildly around, Malfoy trying to wipe his hair clean. â€Å"What was that? Who did that?†â€Å"Very haunted up here, isn't it?†said Ron, with the air of one commenting on the weather. Crabbe and Goyle were looking scared. Their bulging muscles were no use against ghosts. Malfoy was staring madly around at the deserted landscape. Harry sneaked along the path, where a particularly sloppy puddle yielded some foul-smelling, green sludge. SPLATTER! Crabbe and Goyle caught some this time. Goyle hopped furiously on the spot, trying to rub it out of his small, dull eyes. â€Å"It came from over there!†said Malfoy, wiping his face, and staring at a spot some six feet to the left of Harry. Crabbe blundered forward, his long arms outstretched like a zombie. Harry dodged around him, picked up a stick, and lobbed it at Crabbe's back. Harry doubled up with silent laughter as Crabbe did a kind of pirouette in midair, trying to see who had thrown it. As Ron was the only person Crabbe could see, it was Ron he started toward, but Harry stuck out his leg. Crabbe stumbled  and his huge, flat foot caught the hem of Harry's cloak. Harry felt a great tug, then the cloak slid off his face. For a split second, Malfoy stared at him. â€Å"AAARGH!†he yelled, pointing at Harry's head. Then he turned tail and ran, at breakneck speed, back down the hill, Crabbe and Goyle behind him. Harry tugged the cloak up again, but the damage was done. â€Å"Harry!†Ron said, stumbling forward and staring hopelessly at the point where Harry had disappeared, â€Å"you'd better run for it! If Malfoy tells anyone  you'd better get back to the castle, quick –â€Å" â€Å"See you later,†said Harry, and without another word, he tore back down the path toward Hogsmeade. Would Malfoy believe what he had seen? Would anyone believe Malfoy? Nobody knew about the Invisibility Cloak  nobody except Dumbledore. Harry's stomach turned over  Dumbledore would know exactly what had happened, if Malfoy said anything  Back into Honeydukes, back down the cellar steps, across the stone floor, through the trapdoor  Harry pulled off the cloak, tucked it under his arm, and ran, flat out, along the passage†¦Malfoy would get back first†¦ how long would it take him to find a teacher? Panting, a sharp pain in his side, Harry didn't slow down until he reached the stone slide. He would have to leave the cloak where it was, it was too much of a giveaway in case Malfoy had tipped off a teacher  he hid it in a shadowy corner, then started to climb, fast as he could, his sweaty hands slipping on the sides of the chute. He reached the inside of the witch's hump, tapped it with his wand, stuck his head through, and hoisted himself out; the hump closed, and just as Harry jumped out from behind the statue, he heard quick footsteps approaching. It was Snape. He approached Harry at a swift walk, his black robes swishing, then stopped in front of him. â€Å"So,†he said. There was a look of suppressed triumph about him. Harry tried to look innocent, all too aware of his sweaty face and his muddy hands, which he quickly hid in his pockets. â€Å"Come with me, Potter,†said Snape. Harry followed him downstairs, trying to wipe his hands clean on the inside of his robes without Snape noticing. They walked down the stairs to the dungeons and then into Snape's office. Harry had been in here only once before, and he had been in very serious trouble then too. Snape had acquired a few more slimy horrible things in jars since last time, all standing on shelves behind his desk, glinting in the firelight and adding to the threatening atmosphere. â€Å"Sit,†said Snape. Harry sat. Snape, however, remained, standing. â€Å"Mr. Malfoy has just been to see me with a strange story, Potter,†said Snape. Harry didn't say anything. â€Å"He tells me that he was up by the Shrieking Shack when he ran into Weasley  apparently alone.†Still, Harry didn't speak. â€Å"Mr. Malfoy states that he was standing talking to Weasley, when a large amount of mud hit him in the back of the head. How do you think that could have happened?†Harry tried to look mildly surprised. â€Å"I don't know, Professor.†Snape's eyes were boring into Harry's. It was exactly like trying to stare down a Hippogriff. Harry tried hard not to blink. â€Å"Mr. Malfoy then saw an extraordinary apparition. Can you imagine what it might have been, Potter?†â€Å"No,†said Harry, now trying to sound innocently curious. â€Å"It was your head, Potter. Floating in midair.†There was a long silence. â€Å"Maybe he'd better go to Madam Pomfrey,†said Harry. â€Å"If he's seeing things like –â€Å" â€Å"What would your head have been doing in Hogsmeade, Potter?†said Snape softly. â€Å"Your head is not allowed in Hogsmeade. No part of your body has permission to be in Hogsmeade.†â€Å"I know that,†said Harry, striving to keep his face free of guilt or fear. â€Å"It sounds like Malfoy's having hallucin –â€Å" â€Å"Malfoy is not having hallucinations,†snarled Snape, and he bent down, a hand on each arm of Harry's chair, so that their faces were a foot apart. â€Å"If your head was in Hogsmeade, so was the rest of you.†â€Å"I've been up in Gryffindor Tower,†said Harry. â€Å"Like you told –â€Å" â€Å"Can anyone confirm that?†Harry didn't say anything. Snape's thin mouth curled into a horrible smile. â€Å"So,†he said, straightening up again. â€Å"Everyone from the Minister of Magic downward has been trying to keep famous Harry Potter safe from Sirius Black. But famous Harry Potter is a law unto himself. Let the ordinary people worry about his safety! Famous Harry Potter goes where he wants to, with no thought for the consequences.†Harry stayed silent. Snape was trying to provoke him into telling the truth. He wasn't going to do it. Snape had no proof  yet. â€Å"How extraordinarily like your father you are, Potter,†Snape said suddenly, his eyes glinting. â€Å"He too was exceedingly arrogant. A small amount of talent on the Quidditch field made him think he was a cut above the rest of us too. Strutting around the place with his friends and admirers†¦The resemblance between you is uncanny.†â€Å"My dad didn't strut,†said Harry, before he could stop himself. â€Å"And neither do I.†â€Å"Your father didn't set much store by rules either,†Snape went on, pressing his advantage, his thin face full of malice. â€Å"Rules were for lesser mortals, not Quidditch Cup-winners. His head was so swollen –â€Å" â€Å"SHUT UP!†Harry was suddenly on his feet. Rage such as he had not felt since his last night in Privet Drive was coursing through him. He didn't care that Snape's face had gone rigid, the black eyes flashing dangerously. â€Å"What did you say to me, Potter?†â€Å"I told you to shut up about my dad!†Harry yelled. â€Å"I know the truth, all right? He saved your life! Dumbledore told me! You wouldn't even be here if it wasn't for my dad!†Snape's sallow skin had gone the color of sour milk. â€Å"And did the headmaster tell you the circumstances in which your father saved my life?†he whispered. â€Å"Or did he consider the details too unpleasant for precious Potter's delicate ears?†Harry bit his lip. He didn't know what had happened and didn't want to admit it  but Snape seemed to have guessed the truth. â€Å"I would hate for you to run away with a false idea of your father, Potter,†he said, a terrible grin twisting his face. â€Å"Have you been imagining some act of glorious heroism? Then let me correct you  your saintly father and his friends played a highly amusing joke on me that would have resulted in my death if your father hadn't got cold feet at the last moment. There was nothing brave about what he did. He was saving his own skin as much as mine. Had their joke succeeded, he would have been expelled from Hogwarts.†Snape's uneven, yellowish teeth were bared. â€Å"Turn out your pockets, Potter!†he spat suddenly. Harry didn't move. There was a pounding in his ears. â€Å"Turn out your pockets, or we go straight to the headmaster! Pull them out, Potter!†Cold with dread, Harry slowly pulled out the bag of Zonko's tricks and the Marauder's Map. Snap picked up the Zonko's bag. â€Å"Ron gave them to me,†said Harry, praying he'd get a chance to tip Ron off before Snape saw him. â€Å"He brought them back from Hogsmeade last time –â€Å" â€Å"Indeed? And you've been carrying them around ever since? How very touching†¦and what is this?†Snape had picked up the map. Harry tried with all his might to keep his face impassive. â€Å"Spare bit of parchment,†he said with a shrug. Snape turned it over, his eyes on Harry. â€Å"Surely you don't need such a very old piece of parchment?†he said. â€Å"Why don't I just  throw this away?†His hand moved toward the fire. â€Å"No!†Harry said quickly. â€Å"So!†said Snape, his long nostrils quivering. â€Å"Is this another treasured gift from Mr. Weasley? Or is it  something else? A letter, perhaps, written in invisible ink? Or  instructions to get into Hogsmeade without passing the Dementors?†Harry blinked. Snape's eyes gleamed. â€Å"Let me see, let me see†¦Ã¢â‚¬ he muttered, taking out his wand and smoothing the map out on his desk. â€Å"Reveal your secret!†he said, touching the wand to the parchment. Nothing happened. Harry clenched his hands to stop them from shaking. â€Å"Show yourself!†Snape said, tapping the map sharply. It stayed blank. Harry was taking deep, calming breaths. â€Å"Professor Severus Snape, master of this school, commands you to yield the information you conceal!†Snape said, hitting the map with his wand. As though an invisible hand were writing upon it, words appeared on the smooth surface of the map. â€Å"Mooney presents his compliments to Professor Snape, and begs him to keep his abnormally large nose out of other people's business.†Snape froze. Harry stared, dumbstruck, at the message. But the map didn't stop there. More writing was appearing beneath the first. â€Å"Mr. Prongs agrees with Mr. Mooney and would like to add that Professor Snape is an ugly git.†It would have been very funny if the situation hadn't been so serious. And there was more †¦ â€Å"Mr. Padfoot would like to register his astonishment that an idiot like that ever became a professor.†Harry closed his eyes in horror. When he'd opened them, the map had had its last word. â€Å"Mr. Wormtail bids Professor Snape good day, and advises him to wash his hair, the slimeball.†Harry waited for the blow to fall. â€Å"So †¦Ã¢â‚¬ said Snape softly. â€Å"We'll see about this †¦Ã¢â‚¬ He strode across to his fire, seized a fistful of glittering powder from a jar on the fireplace, and threw it into the flames. â€Å"Lupin!†Snape called into the fire. â€Å"I want a word!†Utterly bewildered, Harry stared at the fire. A large shape had appeared in it, revolving very fast. Seconds later, Professor Lupin was clambering out of the fireplace, brushing ash off his shabby robes. â€Å"You called, Severus?†said Lupin mildly. â€Å"I certainly did,†said Snape, his face contorted with fury as he strode back to his desk. â€Å"I have just asked Potter to empty his pockets. He was carrying this.†Snape pointed at the parchment, on which the words of Messrs. Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs were still shining. An odd, closed expression appeared on Lupin's face. â€Å"Well?†said Snape. Lupin continued to stare at the map. Harry had the impression that Lupin was doing some very quick thinking. â€Å"Well?†said Snape again. â€Å"This parchment is plainly full of Dark Magic. This is supposed to be your area of expertise, Lupin. Where do you imagine Potter got such a thing?†Lupin looked up and, by the merest half-glance in Harry's direction, warned him not to interrupt. â€Å"Full of Dark Magic?†he repeated mildly. â€Å"Do you really think so, Severus? It looks to me as though it is merely a piece of parchment that insults anybody who reads it. Childish, but surely not dangerous? I imagine Harry got it from a joke shop –â€Å" â€Å"Indeed?†said Snape. His jaw had gone rigid with anger. â€Å"You think a joke shop could supply him with such a thing? You don't think it more likely that he got it directly from the manufacturers?†Harry didn't understand what Snape was talking about. Nor, apparently, did Lupin. â€Å"You mean, by Mr. Wormtail or one of these people?†he said. â€Å"Harry, do you know any of these men?†â€Å"No,†said Harry quickly. â€Å"You see, Severus?†said Lupin, turning back to Snape. â€Å"It looks like a Zonko product to me –â€Å" Right on cue, Ron came bursting into the office. He was completely out of breath, and stopped just short of Snape's desk, clutching the stitch in his chest and trying to speak. â€Å"I  gave  Harry  that  stuff,†he choked. â€Å"Bought  it†¦in Zonko's†¦ ages  ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬ â€Å"Well!†said Lupin, clapping his hands together and looking around cheerfully. â€Å"That seems to clear that up! Severus, I'll take this back, shall I?†He folded the map and tucked it inside his robes. â€Å"Harry, Ron, come with me, I need a word about my vampire essay  excuse us, Severus –â€Å" Harry didn't dare look at Snape as they left his office. He. Ron, and Lupin walked all the way back into the entrance hall before speaking. Then Harry turned to Lupin. â€Å"Professor, I –â€Å" â€Å"I don't want to hear explanations,†said Lupin shortly. He glanced around the empty entrance hall and lowered his voice. â€Å"I happen to know that this map was confiscated by Mr. Filch many years ago. Yes, I know it's a map,†he said as Harry and Ron looked amazed. â€Å"I don't want to know how it fell into your possession. I am, however, astounded that you didn't hand it in. Particularly after what happened the last time a student left information about the castle lying around. And I can't let you have it back, Harry.†Harry had expected that, and was too keen for explanations to protest. â€Å"Why did Snape think I'd got it from the manufacturers?†â€Å"Because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Lupin hesitated, â€Å"because these mapmakers would have wanted to lure you out of school. They'd think it extremely entertaining.†â€Å"Do you know them?†said Harry, impressed. â€Å"We've met,†he said shortly. He was looking at Harry more seriously than ever before. â€Å"Don't expect me to cover up for you again, Harry. I cannot make you take Sirius Black seriously. But I would have thought that what you have heard when the Dementors draw near you would have had more of an effect on you. Your parents gave their lives to keep you alive, Harry. A poor way to repay them  gambling their sacrifice for a bag of magic tricks.†He walked away, leaving Harry feeling worse by far than he had at any point in Snape's office. Slowly, he and Ron mounted the marble staircase. As Harry passed the one-eyed witch, he remembered the Invisibility Cloak  it was still down there, but he didn't dare go and get it. â€Å"It's my fault,†said Ron abruptly. â€Å"I persuaded you to go. Lupin's right, it was stupid, we shouldn't've done it –â€Å" He broke off; they reached the corridor where the security trolls were pacing, and Hermione was walking toward them. One look at her face convinced Harry that she had heard what had happened. His heart plummeted  had she told Professor McGonagall? â€Å"Come to have a good gloat?†said Ron savagely as she stopped in front of them. â€Å"Or have you just been to tell on us?†â€Å"No,†said Hermione. She was holding a letter in her hands and her lip was trembling. â€Å"I just thought you ought to know†¦Hagrid lost his case. Buckbeak is going to be executed.â€
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